Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus, affecting up to 70% of women by age 50. These benign tumors vary in size, number, and location, causing symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, frequent urination, or fertility issues. Some women experience no symptoms, and fibroids are often discovered during routine pelvic exams.
The exact cause of fibroids is unclear, but hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone, contribute to their growth. Genetics and obesity also increase risk. Diagnosis typically involves ultrasound or MRI to assess fibroid size and location.
Treatment depends on symptom severity, fibroid characteristics, and a woman’s reproductive goals. Watchful waiting is suitable for asymptomatic fibroids, with regular monitoring to track growth. Medications like gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists can shrink fibroids or control bleeding, while NSAIDs alleviate pain.
Minimally invasive procedures, such as uterine artery embolization, block blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink. Myomectomy, a surgical option, removes fibroids while preserving the uterus, ideal for women seeking pregnancy. Hysterectomy, the removal of the uterus, is a definitive treatment for severe cases but ends fertility.
Lifestyle changes, including weight management and a balanced diet, may reduce fibroid risk and symptom severity. Emotional support is crucial, as fibroids can impact mental health and quality of life.
Women with fibroid symptoms should consult a gynecologist to explore personalized treatment plans. Advances in minimally invasive techniques offer effective solutions, enabling women to manage fibroids and maintain their reproductive health.
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